Resistance Pattern of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Gram-Negative Pathogens from Surgical Site Infections

Abstract

There is an increasing resistance for drugs in first line of treatment for post-operative wound. It has imposed the practitioners the use of newer antibiotics. β-lactamase production is the most important mechanism of resistance to the penicillin and cephalosporins. The present study was undertaken with the objective of isolation of ESBL producing gram-negative pathogens from surgical site infections and to study their resistance pattern. A total number of 28 surgical hospitals were selected for the collection of post operative wound infection samples. The ESBL producing pathogens were detected by phenotypic screening and confirmatory methods as recommended by CLSI guidelines 2012. A standard disk diffusion technique for antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed as recommended by clinical and laboratory standard institute (CLSI). The total number of ESBL producers was 141 (37.80 %) while the number of non-ESBL producers was 232 (62.20 %). The distribution of ESBL producing E. coli, Klebsiella species, Proteus species and Pseudomonas species was 74 (55.64%), 42 (6.20%), was 16 (22.22 %) and 09 (17.31 %) respectively. The ESBL producing isolates were highly resistant to Cephalosporin, Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin and Cotromoxazole while they were highly susceptible to Ceftazidime/Cluvanic acid, Piperacillin / Tazobactam, Imipenem and Meropenum. In conclusion, the present study shows the considerable occurrence of ESBL producers among the Gram-negative isolates from surgical site infections and their increasing multidrug resistance.