In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Clove Oil against Candida Albicans Isolated from Clinical Samples
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2018.11.2.3Abstract
The main goal of this study was to investigate the antifungal activity of clove oil against candida albicans of vaginal candidiasis in females from Syria. An in vitro study was carried out using the following Candida albicans strains involved in vaginal candidiasis using the well diffusion (WD) testing.Candida albicans (ATCC 90028) and 15 strains were compiled from Aleppo University Hospital. These strains were collected from women having vaginal candidiasis. The antifungal activity of clove oil was determined in the form of inhibition zone using antifungal assay by agar WD testing.In all experiments, the obtained results indicated that clove oil has inhibitory effects on Candida albicans (ATCC 90028) and against15 fungal strains. This study showed that clove oil was active against the tested Candida albicans strains. Clove oil was more effective against Candida albicans compared to the antifungal antibiotics nystatin, ketoconazole and itraconazol. Clove oil may have potential for use in the development of clinically useful antifungal preparations. Therefore, clove oil might be clinically effective in the natural prevention treatment of vaginal candidiasis.
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Keywords:
Vaginal candidiasis, Candida albicans, Clove oil, Well-diffusion assay
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Published
2018-03-31
How to Cite
1.
Berakdar N, Radwan A. In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Clove Oil against Candida Albicans Isolated from Clinical Samples. Scopus Indexed [Internet]. 2018 Mar. 31 [cited 2024 May 13];11(2):4021-5. Available from: http://ijpsnonline.com/index.php/ijpsn/article/view/359
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Research Articles
References
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Bakkali, F., Averbeck, S., Averbeck, D and Idaomar M (2008). Biological effects of essential oils – a review. Food Chem Toxicol 46: 446-475.
Barrata MT, Dorman HJD, Deans SG, Biondi DM and Ruberro G (1998): Chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidative activity of laurel, sage, rosemary, oregano and coriander essential oils. J Essent Oil Res 10: 618-627.
Bradshaw LJ. Laboratory Microbiology. 4th ed. Fort Worth: Saunders College Publishing; 1992.
Braga PC, Sasso MD, Culici M and Alfieri M (2007). Eugenol and thymol, alone or in combination, induce morphological alterations in the envelope of Candida albicans. Fitoterapia 78: 396-400.
Burt S (2004). Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods – a review. Int J Food Microbiol 94: 223-253.
Cavaleiro, C., Pinto, E., Gonc¸ alves, M. J and Salgueiro LR (2006). Antifungal activity of Juniperus essential oils against dermatophyte, Aspergillus and Candida strains. J Appl Microbiol 100: 1333-1338.
Chaieb, K., Hajlaoui, H., Zmantar, T., Kahla-Nakbi, A. B., Mahmoud, R., Mahdouani, K and Bakhrouf A (2007a). The chemical composition and biological activity of clove essential oil, Eugenia caryophyllata (Syzigiumaromaticum L. Myrtaceae): a short review. Phytother Res 21: 501-506.
Chaieb, K., Zmantar, T., Ksouri, R., Hajlaoui, H., Mahdouani, K., Abdelly C and Bakhrouf A (2007b). Antioxidant properties of the essential oil of Eugenia caryophyllata and its antifungal activity against a large number of clinical Candida species. Mycoses 50: 403-406.
Chami, F., Chami, N., Bennis, S., Trouillas, J and Remmal A (2004a). Evaluation of carvacrol and eugenol as prophylaxis and treatment of vaginal candidiasis in an immunosuppressed rat model. J Antimicrob Chemother 54: 909-914.
Chami, N., Chami, F., Bennis, S., Trouillas J and Remmal A (2004b). Antifungal treatment with carvacrol and eugenol of oral candidiasis in immunosuppressed rats. Braz J Infect Dis 8: 217-226.
Cowan MM (1999). Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin Microbiol Rev 12: 564-582.
Dorman HJD and Deans SG (2000). Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J Appl Microbiol 88: 308-316.
Fichi G, Flamini G, Giovanelli F, Otranto D, and Perrucci S (2007) Efficacy of an essential oil of Eugenia caryophyllata against Psoroptescuniculi. Exp Parasitol 115: 168-172.
Garcia S, Araiza M, Gomez M, and Heredia N (2002). Inhibition of growth, enterotoxin and spore production of Clostridium perfringes by extracts of medicinal plants. J. Food Prot 65: 1667-1669.
Gayoso CW, Lima EO, Oliveira VT, Pereira FO, Souza EL, Lima IO and Navarro DF (2005). Sensitivity of fungi isolated from onychomycosis to Eugenia cariophyllata essential oil and eugenol. Fitoterapia 76: 247–249.
Grayer, R. J. and Harborne, J. B. (1994). A survey of antifungal compounds from higher plants, 1982–1993. Phytochemistry 37: 19-42.
Lambert RJ, Skandamis PN, Coote PJ and Nychas GJ. (2001). A study of the minimum inhibitory concentration and mode of action of oregano essential oil, thymol and carvacrol. Appl Microbiol 91(3): 453-462.
Lindau, S. T., J. N. Hoffmann, et al. (2009). Vaginal Self-Swab Specimen Collection in a Home- Based Survey of Older Women: Methods and Applications. J Gerontol 1: i 106-18.
Lopez P, Sanchez C, Batlle R and Nerın C (2005). Solid- and vapour-phase antimicrobial activities of six essential oils: susceptibility of selected foodborne bacterial and fungal strains. J Agric Food Chem 53: 6939-6946.
Nyirjesy P, Peyton C, et al. (2006). Causes of chronic vaginitis: Analysis of a prospective database of affected women. Obstet Gynecol 108(5): 1185-91.
Pina-Vaz, C., Rodrigues, A. G., Pinto, E., Costa-de-Oliveira, S., Tavares, C., Salgueiro, L., Cavaleiro, C., Gonc¸ alves, M. J. and Martinezde- Oliveira, J. (2004). Antifungal activity of Thymus oils and their major compounds. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 18: 73-78.
Pinto, E., L.V. Silva, C. Cavaleiro and L. Salgueiro (2009). Antifungal activity of the clove essential oil from Syzygiumaromaticum on Candida, Aspergillus and dermatophyte species. J. Med. Microbiol., 58: 1454-1462.
Pinto, E., Pina-Vaz, C., Salgueiro, L., Gonc¸ alves, M. J., Costa-de- Oliveira, S., Cavaleiro, C., Palmeira, A., Rodrigues, A. and Martinez-de- Oliveira, J. (2006). Antifungal activity of the essential oil of Thymus pulegioides on Candida, Aspergillus and dermatophyte species. J Med Microbiol 55: 1367-1373.
Rahimi AA, Ashnagar A and Nikoei H (2012). Isolation and characterization of 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol (eugenol) from clove buds marketed in Tehran city of Iran. International Journal of Chem Tech Research 4: 105-108.
Shapiro S and Guggenheim B. (1995). The action of thymol on oral bacteria. Oral Microbiology and Immunology 10: 241-246.
Silva NCC and Fernandes JA (2010). Biological properties of medicinal plants: a review of their antimicrobial activity. The Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 16: 402-413.
Sobel, J. D. (2007). "Vulvovaginal candidosis." Lancet 369(9577): 1961-1971.
Sobel JD, Faro S, et al. (1998). Vulvovaginal candidiasis: epidemiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic considerations. Am J Obstetrics Gynecol 178(2): 203-211.
Sobel, J.D., 2005. Genital candidiasis. Medicine, 33: 62-65.
Ultee A, Bennik MHG and Moezelaar R (2002). The phenolic hydroxyl group of carvacrol is essential for action against the food-born pathogen Bacillus cereus. Appl.Environ. Microbiol. 68(4): 1561-1568.
Velluti A, Sanchis V, Ramos AJ and Marın S (2004). Effect of essential oils of cinnamon, clove, lemon grass, oregano and palmarosa on growth of and fumonisin B1 production by Fusariumverticillioides in maize. J Sci Food Agric 84: 1141-1146.
Walsh SE, Maillard JY, Russel AD, Catrenich CE, Charbonneau DL and Bartolo RG. (2003). Activity and mechanisms of action of selected biocidal agents on Gram-positive and –negative bacteria. J. Appl Microbiol 94: 240-247.
Wang, G.S., J.H. Deng, Y.H. Ma, M. Shi and B. Li (2012). Mechanisms, clinically curative effects and antifungal activities of cinnamon oil and pogostemon oil complex against three species of Candida. J Trad Chin Med 32: 1-2.
Alves TM, Silva AF, Brandão M, Grandi TS, Smânia E and Smânia Júnior A (2000). Biological screening of Brazilian medicinal plants. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 95(3): 367-373.
Bakkali, F., Averbeck, S., Averbeck, D and Idaomar M (2008). Biological effects of essential oils – a review. Food Chem Toxicol 46: 446-475.
Barrata MT, Dorman HJD, Deans SG, Biondi DM and Ruberro G (1998): Chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidative activity of laurel, sage, rosemary, oregano and coriander essential oils. J Essent Oil Res 10: 618-627.
Bradshaw LJ. Laboratory Microbiology. 4th ed. Fort Worth: Saunders College Publishing; 1992.
Braga PC, Sasso MD, Culici M and Alfieri M (2007). Eugenol and thymol, alone or in combination, induce morphological alterations in the envelope of Candida albicans. Fitoterapia 78: 396-400.
Burt S (2004). Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods – a review. Int J Food Microbiol 94: 223-253.
Cavaleiro, C., Pinto, E., Gonc¸ alves, M. J and Salgueiro LR (2006). Antifungal activity of Juniperus essential oils against dermatophyte, Aspergillus and Candida strains. J Appl Microbiol 100: 1333-1338.
Chaieb, K., Hajlaoui, H., Zmantar, T., Kahla-Nakbi, A. B., Mahmoud, R., Mahdouani, K and Bakhrouf A (2007a). The chemical composition and biological activity of clove essential oil, Eugenia caryophyllata (Syzigiumaromaticum L. Myrtaceae): a short review. Phytother Res 21: 501-506.
Chaieb, K., Zmantar, T., Ksouri, R., Hajlaoui, H., Mahdouani, K., Abdelly C and Bakhrouf A (2007b). Antioxidant properties of the essential oil of Eugenia caryophyllata and its antifungal activity against a large number of clinical Candida species. Mycoses 50: 403-406.
Chami, F., Chami, N., Bennis, S., Trouillas, J and Remmal A (2004a). Evaluation of carvacrol and eugenol as prophylaxis and treatment of vaginal candidiasis in an immunosuppressed rat model. J Antimicrob Chemother 54: 909-914.
Chami, N., Chami, F., Bennis, S., Trouillas J and Remmal A (2004b). Antifungal treatment with carvacrol and eugenol of oral candidiasis in immunosuppressed rats. Braz J Infect Dis 8: 217-226.
Cowan MM (1999). Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin Microbiol Rev 12: 564-582.
Dorman HJD and Deans SG (2000). Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J Appl Microbiol 88: 308-316.
Fichi G, Flamini G, Giovanelli F, Otranto D, and Perrucci S (2007) Efficacy of an essential oil of Eugenia caryophyllata against Psoroptescuniculi. Exp Parasitol 115: 168-172.
Garcia S, Araiza M, Gomez M, and Heredia N (2002). Inhibition of growth, enterotoxin and spore production of Clostridium perfringes by extracts of medicinal plants. J. Food Prot 65: 1667-1669.
Gayoso CW, Lima EO, Oliveira VT, Pereira FO, Souza EL, Lima IO and Navarro DF (2005). Sensitivity of fungi isolated from onychomycosis to Eugenia cariophyllata essential oil and eugenol. Fitoterapia 76: 247–249.
Grayer, R. J. and Harborne, J. B. (1994). A survey of antifungal compounds from higher plants, 1982–1993. Phytochemistry 37: 19-42.
Lambert RJ, Skandamis PN, Coote PJ and Nychas GJ. (2001). A study of the minimum inhibitory concentration and mode of action of oregano essential oil, thymol and carvacrol. Appl Microbiol 91(3): 453-462.
Lindau, S. T., J. N. Hoffmann, et al. (2009). Vaginal Self-Swab Specimen Collection in a Home- Based Survey of Older Women: Methods and Applications. J Gerontol 1: i 106-18.
Lopez P, Sanchez C, Batlle R and Nerın C (2005). Solid- and vapour-phase antimicrobial activities of six essential oils: susceptibility of selected foodborne bacterial and fungal strains. J Agric Food Chem 53: 6939-6946.
Nyirjesy P, Peyton C, et al. (2006). Causes of chronic vaginitis: Analysis of a prospective database of affected women. Obstet Gynecol 108(5): 1185-91.
Pina-Vaz, C., Rodrigues, A. G., Pinto, E., Costa-de-Oliveira, S., Tavares, C., Salgueiro, L., Cavaleiro, C., Gonc¸ alves, M. J. and Martinezde- Oliveira, J. (2004). Antifungal activity of Thymus oils and their major compounds. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 18: 73-78.
Pinto, E., L.V. Silva, C. Cavaleiro and L. Salgueiro (2009). Antifungal activity of the clove essential oil from Syzygiumaromaticum on Candida, Aspergillus and dermatophyte species. J. Med. Microbiol., 58: 1454-1462.
Pinto, E., Pina-Vaz, C., Salgueiro, L., Gonc¸ alves, M. J., Costa-de- Oliveira, S., Cavaleiro, C., Palmeira, A., Rodrigues, A. and Martinez-de- Oliveira, J. (2006). Antifungal activity of the essential oil of Thymus pulegioides on Candida, Aspergillus and dermatophyte species. J Med Microbiol 55: 1367-1373.
Rahimi AA, Ashnagar A and Nikoei H (2012). Isolation and characterization of 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol (eugenol) from clove buds marketed in Tehran city of Iran. International Journal of Chem Tech Research 4: 105-108.
Shapiro S and Guggenheim B. (1995). The action of thymol on oral bacteria. Oral Microbiology and Immunology 10: 241-246.
Silva NCC and Fernandes JA (2010). Biological properties of medicinal plants: a review of their antimicrobial activity. The Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 16: 402-413.
Sobel, J. D. (2007). "Vulvovaginal candidosis." Lancet 369(9577): 1961-1971.
Sobel JD, Faro S, et al. (1998). Vulvovaginal candidiasis: epidemiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic considerations. Am J Obstetrics Gynecol 178(2): 203-211.
Sobel, J.D., 2005. Genital candidiasis. Medicine, 33: 62-65.
Ultee A, Bennik MHG and Moezelaar R (2002). The phenolic hydroxyl group of carvacrol is essential for action against the food-born pathogen Bacillus cereus. Appl.Environ. Microbiol. 68(4): 1561-1568.
Velluti A, Sanchis V, Ramos AJ and Marın S (2004). Effect of essential oils of cinnamon, clove, lemon grass, oregano and palmarosa on growth of and fumonisin B1 production by Fusariumverticillioides in maize. J Sci Food Agric 84: 1141-1146.
Walsh SE, Maillard JY, Russel AD, Catrenich CE, Charbonneau DL and Bartolo RG. (2003). Activity and mechanisms of action of selected biocidal agents on Gram-positive and –negative bacteria. J. Appl Microbiol 94: 240-247.
Wang, G.S., J.H. Deng, Y.H. Ma, M. Shi and B. Li (2012). Mechanisms, clinically curative effects and antifungal activities of cinnamon oil and pogostemon oil complex against three species of Candida. J Trad Chin Med 32: 1-2.
