Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Anti Diabetic Activity Using Momordica charantia (Leaf & Stem) Extracts in Alloxan Induced Rats

Abstract

Purpose: Current procedure is to find out the effect of anti-diabetic using Momordica Charantia (leaf and stem) extracts on Alloxan induced experimental rats.

Methods: The leaf and stem extracts of Momordica charantia were prepared by using cold maceration technique. The obtained filtrates are then subjected to a distillation process to obtain pure and concentrated products. The phytochemical studies were performed for both the extracts. Wet granulation method was done for preparation of tablets. The α-Amylase inhibition assay was done to both leaf and stem extracts as an in vitro method and Alloxan induced anti diabetic method was done as an in vivo process for the experimental animals. At last creatinine and urea levels were estimated.

Results: The phytochemical results of both leaf and the stem extracts were shown positive for phenols, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, oils, fats and for alkaloids. The weight of the granules were reduced and found to be F1- 15.32gm, for granules F2-14.37gm, for granules F3-14.39gm and for granules F4- it was 13.83gm. For α-amylase inhibition assay the standard acarbose 58.70% of inhibition for 100 μg/ml concentrations, the leaf extract showed 80.58% of inhibition for 100μg/ml concentration and the stem extract showed 86.45% of inhibition for 100μg/ml concentration. In fasted rats for the extract-1 (leaf) the highest blood glucose level was seen at 0 min as 82(mg/dl) and for the extract-2(stem) the highest blood glucose level was seen at 0 min as 84(mg/dl). And for the Oral glucose tolerance test the extract-1(leaf) the highest blood glucose level was seen at 120 min as 119(mg/dl) and for the extract-2(stem) the highest blood glucose level was seen at 120 min as 108(mg/dl).

Conclusion: The study attests to the therapeutic effects of the chosen plant extracts, which have been demonstrated to help prevent and regulate blood glucose levels. Furthermore, in managing diabetes and its associated problems. Momordica charantia plant extracts from the leaves and stems have demonstrated anti-hyperglycemic properties. The results of this investigation indicated that there was a notable antidiabetic response to the treatment using plant extracts (leaf < stem).