Mesoporous Silica-Based Nanoparticles in Pharmaceutical Sciences: A Mini-Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2020.13.4.3Abstract
The sustained and comprehensive need in the field of materials having immense thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability lead to the evolution of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). Due to higher surface area and ridged tuneable particular size, silica-based mesoporous (2-50nm) drug delivery system recently becomes a prime orb for loading different guest molecules such as peptides, proteins, anticancer drugs. The most common type of mesoporous nanoparticles is MCM-41 and SBA-15. MSMs has a wide range of applications in drug delivery, imaging, and catalysis. It was in the 1970’s, when the first patent was field related to MSMs, however during 1990, the full-fledged research started for MSMs. During that era, Mobil Corporation Laboratories, Japan started synthesizing of MSMs. Yet, the University of California also pioneered in MSMs synthesis, as they claimed to prepare 4.6-30 nm MSMs with a hexagonal array of pores; they further named it as SBA-15. MSMs has huge application in drug delivery system. Because of its larger surface area of the pores, the cytotoxin or drug can be filed within the pores like a Trojan Horse. Within the intercellular environment, by the endocytosis process, the small particles will be engulfed by biological cell membranes depending on what ligands attached within MSMs i.e., loaded RNA, loaded DNA, surface protein, PEG, and monoclonal antibody. Surprisingly, advanced research on MSMs concluded that cancerous cells have the tendencies to take MCM-41 than the healthy cells of the host; giving scientists a new hope that MCM-41 will one day be used commercially to treat a certain type of cancers. Modern research also shows that for the poorly water-soluble drug, SBA-15, TUD-1, HMM-33 and FSM-16 of MSMs has tremendous potential to improve in-vitro dissolution profiling i.e., upon loading of itraconazole (a poorly water-soluble drug) within SBA-15, it can able to stimulate GI fluid and facilitate transepithelial intestinal transport which ultimately results in higher drug absorption. In this mini-review, we attempted to discuss MSNs synthesis methods, morphology, preparations, mechanisms and recent research in the MSNs Drug delivery system. Thus, we concluded that more in vivo biocompatibility studies, biodistribution studies, toxicity studies, and clinical research is the fundamental prerequisite for further advancement in mesoporous silica-based nanoparticles (MSNs).
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Mesoporous, Silica, Quartz crystal, MSNs, Biocompatibility, Drug delivery
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