Transfersomes and Ethosomes: Nano Carriers and their Clinical Potential in Transdermal Drug Delivery System
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2020.13.2.1Abstract
Transfer of the medicament to blood stream through skin especially macromolecules has always been a challenge for formulator. The major limitation of conventional topical applications is obstacle nature of skin that stops the entry of majority of drugs. To improve the poor penetration of drug molecules, few physical and chemical procedures have been tried and tested to beat the boundary of the stratum corneum to get higher transdermal penetrability but those are either painful or economically limited. To overcome the limitation of conventional process, modern technology has been evolved to weaken the skin barrier of stratum corneum layer i.e, elastic or deformable or flexible type of lipid vesicles those are capable of delivering the wide range of active moieties including various biomolecules called ultra- deformable liposomes or elastic nanovesicles such as, transfersomes and ethosomes. Lipid vesicles are colloidal molecules have novel bilayer structure and efficient for entrapping all types of drugs like hydrophilic charged, water loving, lipid loving or both. Transfersomes and ethosomes are two novel lipid based nano carriers and can easily penetrate through intercellular spaces of skin. In present review we have discussed their comparative features, composition, mechanism of permeation, manufacturing technology, characterization and applications with various therapeutic agents. This review mainly focuses on many of the current molecules that are being tried to deliver via these carriers, clinical trial studies and patents accessible on transfersomal and ethosomal products.
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Keywords:
Deformable vesicles, Transfersomes, Ethosomes, Skin permeation, Drug carrier
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Published
2020-03-31
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1.
Bera P, Upamanyu N, Jaiswal J. Transfersomes and Ethosomes: Nano Carriers and their Clinical Potential in Transdermal Drug Delivery System . Scopus Indexed [Internet]. 2020 Mar. 31 [cited 2024 Dec. 22];13(2):4793-807. Available from: https://ijpsnonline.com/index.php/ijpsn/article/view/256
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References
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Cevc G, Chopra A, and Stieber J (2011). Methods of transnasal transport/immunization with highly adaptable carriers, US Patent 7927622B1.
Cevc G, Conaghan PG, Dickson J, Bolten W, and Rother M (2013). A multicentre, randomized, placebo- and active-controlled trial comparing the efficacy and safety of topical ketoprofen in Transfersome gel (IDEA-033) with ketoprofen-free vehicle (TDT 064) and oral celecoxib for knee pain associated with Osteoarthritis. Rheumatology 52: 1303-1312.
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Cevc G, Richardsen H, and Walbel AW (2009). Method for the improvement of transport across adaptable semi-permeable barriers, US Patent 7591949B2.
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Chan SY, Chourasia MK, and Kang L (2011). Nanonized ethosomes bearing ketoprofen for improved transdermal delivery. Results in Pharma Sciences 1(1): 60-67.
Chintala PK and Padmapreetha J (2014). Formulation and in-vitro evaluation of gel containing ethosomes entrapped with etodolac. IJPSR 5 (2): 630-635.
Demeyere HJM, Johnasson GIN and Nyden MB (2013). Aqueous composition comprising vesicles having certain vesicle permeability, US Patent 8506940B2.
Dominicus R, Weidner C, Tate H, and Kroon HA (2012). Open –label study of the efficacy and safety of topical treatment with TDT 067 (terbinafine in transfersome) in patients with onychomycosis. British Association of Dermatologists 166: 1357-1380.
Egbaria K and Weiner N (1990). Liposomes as a topical drug delivery system. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 5: 287-300.
Eldhose PM, Mathew F, and Mathew JN (2016). Transfersomes-A review. Int J of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Research 6(4): 436-452.
Elsayed I and Shamma RN (2013). Transfersomal lyophilised gel of buspirone HCl: formulation, evaluation & statistical optimisation. Journal of Liposome Research 23(3): 244-254.
EMEA (2008). European Medicines Agency Press office. Idea AG withdraws its marketing authorisation application for Diractin (ketoprofen).
EMEA (2008). European Medicines Agency Press office. Withdrawl assessment report on Diractin.
Fan HY, Nazari M, Raval G, Khan Z, Patel H, and Heerklotz H (2014). Utilizing Zeta Potential to study the effective charge, membrane partitioning and membrane permeation of lipopeptide surfactin. Biochim Biophys. 1838(9): 2306-2312.
Fesq H, Lehmann J, Kontny A, Erdmann I, Theiling K, Rother M, Ring J, Cevc G, and Abeck D (2003). Improved risk-benefit ratio for topical triamcinolone acetonide in transfersome in comparison with equipotent cream and ointment: a randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Dermatology 149: 611-619.
Forslind BO (1994). A domain mosaic model of the skin barrier. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 74: 1-6.
Fresta M and Puglisi G (1996). Application of liposomes as potential cutaneous drug delivery systems -in vitro and in vivo investigation with radioactively labelled vesicles. Journal of Drug Targeting 4: 95-101.
Ghannoum M, Isham N, Herbert J, Henry W, and Yurdakul S (2011). Activity of TDT 067 (Terbinafine in transfersome) against agents of onychomycosis, as determined by minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 49 (5): 1716-1720.
Ghannoum M, Isham N, Herbert J, Henry W, and Yurdakul S (2012). Evaluation of morphological effects of TDT 067 (Terbinafine in transfersome) and conventional Terbinafine on Dermatophyte Hyphae in vitro and in vivo. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56 (5): 2530- 2534.
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