A Review on Palmoplantar keratodermas

Abstract

A palmoplantar keratoderma is a group of hereditary, keratinization disorders characterised by hyperkeratotic thickening of the palms and soles. PPK presents in three forms namely diffuse, focal & punctate. The aetiological factors of Palmoplantar keratoderma are drug-related, chemical-related, systemic disease-related, infection-related, & idiopathic. Palmoplantar keratodermas are diagnosed based on their clinical manifestations and forms. Tiny raindrop-shaped lesions, which are relatively uncommon in nature are one of the clinical symptoms of Type-I PPK. The papules are round and hyperkeratotic and the lesions are yellow to flesh-coloured, well-circumscribed, and firm to the touch. Type-II usually presents with small spines to protrude from the palms and soles whereas Type-III is characterised by tiny flat or umbilicated keratotic shining papules to form along the palms, soles, and digits borders. The prevalence of PPK is less among Indian populations hence managing these conditions might be more challenging due to limited treatment options. However, managing these conditions is based on the classifications and their presentation.