Post Covid Diabetes & Associated Complications: Newer Therapies Available for its Management: A Review

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn‐aktu.2022‐12

Authors

  • Richa Shakya Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge Park-2, Greater Noida
  • Avijit Mazumder Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge Park-2, Greater Noida
  • Sakshi Sharma Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge Park-2, Greater Noida
  • Saumya Das Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge Park-2, Greater Noida

Abstract

An anticipated 216 million cases of 2019 coronavirus illness (COVID-19) have been confirmed, with 4.49 million deaths. The development of diabetes and its associated consequences have been described in persons with and without a family history of the disease. Some researchers have found that focusing on wearable technology is the most effective strategy for spotting cases of newly diagnosed diabetes. The COVID-19 pandemic prompted a flurry of activity as scientists sought for the virus's distinguishing characteristics in the hope of developing a treatment or vaccine. The reported high frequency of infections in people with diabetes mellitus is one of the difficulties and challenges that have surfaced (DM). Patients with COVID-19 often suffer from other conditions, with diabetes ranking second to hypertension. COVID-19-related infectious illness has evolved into a major international health concern. Patients with diabetes and their doctors faced a formidable obstacle during the COVID-19 epidemic. Better patient- provider communication may aid in treating diabetes in this era of social distance, isolation, and quarantine. Patients with diabetes need specialized treatment due to the correlation between their condition and more severe symptoms and consequences. Most modern chronic illnesses, including diabetes mellitus, are controllable by a combination of medical treatment and dietary improvements. Adults over 65 have an increased risk of developing and living with diabetes-related complications. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with diabetes may be at a higher risk of infection, serious complications, and even death. A patient's risk for problems after a diabetes diagnosis may rise if their viremia is already high, immunologic deregulation, pulmonary and endothelial, and increased systemic coagulation.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Keywords:

Covid-19, Diabetes Mellitus, Comorbidity, Isolation, Diabetic Management

Published

2023-09-15

How to Cite

1.
Shakya R, Mazumder A, Sharma S, Das S. Post Covid Diabetes & Associated Complications: Newer Therapies Available for its Management: A Review. Scopus Indexed [Internet]. 2023 Sep. 15 [cited 2024 Nov. 19];15(7):6700-13. Available from: https://ijpsnonline.com/index.php/ijpsn/article/view/4822

References

Chavda VP, Kapadia C, Soni S, Prajapati R, Chauhan SC, Yallapu MM, et al. A global picture: therapeutic perspectives for COVID-19. Immunotherapy. 2022 Apr;14(5):351– 71.

Budhiraja S, Soni A, Jha V, Indrayan A, Dewan A, Singh O, et al. Clinical Profile of First 1000 COVID-19 Cases Admitted at Tertiary Care Hospitals the Correlates of their Mortality: An Indian Experience [Internet]. Epidemiology; 2020 Nov [cited 2022 Oct 12].

Metwally AA, Mehta P, Johnson BS, Nagarjuna A, Snyder MP. COVID-19–Induced New-Onset Diabetes: Trends and Technologies. Diabetes. 2021 December 1;70(12):2733–44.

Steenblock C, Schwarz PEH, Ludwig B, Linkermann A, Zimmet P, Kulebyakin K, et al. COVID-19 and metabolic disease: mechanisms and clinical management. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. 2021 Nov;9(11):786–98.

Khunti K, Del Prato S, Mathieu C, Kahn SE, Gabbay RA, Buse JB. COVID-19, Hyperglycemia, and New-Onset Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2021 December 1;44(12):2645–55.

Da S, Rastogi A, S. Harikumar K, Dutta D, Sahay R, Kalra S, et al. Diagnosis and management considerations in steroid-related hyperglycemia in COVID-19: A position statement from the endocrine society of India. Indian J Endocr Metab. 2021;25(1).

Pettus J, Skolnik N. Importance of diabetes management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Postgraduate Medicine. 2021 Nov 17;133(8): 912–9.

Semwal R, Kumar A, Chauhan A, Semwal RB, Joshi NC, Joshi SK, et al. Infection Pattern, Treatment Protocols and Post-COVID-19 Complications–A Survey on 706 COVID-19 Recovered Participants. Explor Res Hypothesis Med. 2022 June 25;7(2):69– 76.

Sahu RK, Salem-Bekhit MM, Bhattacharjee B, Almoshari Y, Ikbal AMA, Alshamrani M, et al. Mucormycosis in Indian COVID-19 Patients: Insight into Its Patho-Genesis, Clinical Manifestation, and Management Strategies. Antibiotics. 2021 Sep 6;10(9):1079.

G Alshahawey M, S El-Housseiny G, S Elsayed N, Y Alshahrani M, Wakeel LME, M Aboshanab K. New insights on mucormycosis and its association with the COVID-19 pandemic. Future Science OA. 2022 Feb;8(2):FSO772.

Raghav A, Ali SG, Jeong GB, Gautam KA, Banday S, Mateen QN, et al. Newer Horizon of Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Based Therapy in the Management of SARS-CoV-2 Associated Mucormycosis: A Safe Hope for Future Medicine. Front Microbiol. 2021 October 11;12:738983.

Rao S, Amara V, Chaudhuri S, Rao BK, Todur P. "Post-COVID-19 syndrome:" The New Pandemic Affecting Healthcare Workers and How the Frontline Warriors Are Battling it. IJPC. 2021 August 12;27:313–8.

Ghazi BK, Rackimuthu S, Wara UU, Mohan A, Khawaja UA, Ahmad S, et al. Rampant Increase in Cases of Mucormycosis in India and Pakistan: A Serious Cause for Concern during the Ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2021 Nov 3;105(5):1144–7.

Krishnakumar B, Christopher J, Prasobh Ps, Godbole S, Mehrotra A, Singhal A, et al. Resurgence of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases in patients recovered from COVID-19: An Indian perspective. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022;11(6):2589.

Madhu SV. Post COVID-19 diabetes care—lessons and challenges. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries. 2020 Apr;40(2):155–7.

Hoenigl M, Seidel D, Carvalho A, Rudramurthy SM, Arastehfar A, Gangneux JP, et al. The emergence of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis: a review of cases from 18 countries. The Lancet Microbe. 2022 Jul;3(7):e543–52.

Girdhar D, Manocha E. A Comprehensive Review on the Management of COVID-19- Associated Mucormycosis (CAM): The New Basics. BioMed. 2022 April 12;2(2):181– 98.

Parasher A. COVID-19: Current understanding of its Pathophysiology, Clinical presentation and Treatment. Postgrad Med J. 2021 May;97(1147):312–20.

Gupta Y, Goyal A, Kubihal S, Golla KK, Tandon N. A guidance on diagnosis and management of hyperglycemia at COVID care facilities in India. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2021 Jan;15(1):407–13.

Kesavadev J, Basanth A, Krishnan G, Vitale R, Parameswaran H, Shijin S, et al. A new interventional home care model for COVID management: Virtual Covid IP. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2021 Sep;15(5):102228.

Eswaran S, Balan SK, Saravanam PK. Acute Fulminant Mucormycosis Triggered by Covid 19 Infection in a Young Patient. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg [Internet]. 2021 July 8 [cited 2022 October 12]; Available from: https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12070-021-02689-4.

Chawla U, Kashyap MK, Husain A. Aging and diabetes drive the COVID-19 forwards; unveiling nature and existing therapies for the treatment. Mol Cell Biochem. 2021 Nov;476(11):3911–22.

Rajueni K, Ambekar R, Solanki H, Momin AA, Pawar S. Assessment of the Possible Causes of Diabetes Mellitus Developed in Patients Post Covid-19 Treatment in A Tertiary Care Hospital. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2021 September 1;11–5.

Stoian AP, Banerjee Y, Rizvi AA, Rizzo M. Diabetes and the COVID-19 Pandemic: How Insights from Recent Experience Might Guide Future Management. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders. 2020 May 1;18(4):173–5.

Joshi R, Atal S, Fatima Z, Balakrishnan S, Sharma S, Joshi A. Diabetes care during COVID-19 lockdown at a tertiary care centre in India. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2020 Aug;166:108316.

Dk L. Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management of Diabetes during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Update. Diabetes Res Metab [Internet]. 2021 Dec 27 [cited 2022 Oct 12];2(2).

Ghosh A, Nundy S, Mallick TK. How India is dealing with COVID-19 pandemic. Sensors International. 2020;1:100021.

Rubino F, Cohen RV, Mingrone G, le Roux CW, Mechanick JI, Arterburn DE, et al. Bariatric and metabolic surgery during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: DSS recommendations for management of surgical candidates and postoperative patients and prioritisation of access to surgery. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. 2020 Jul;8(7):640–8.

Elnaem MH, Cheema E. Caring for patients with diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic: Important considerations for pharmacists. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy. 2021 Jan;17(1):1938–41.

Singh AK, Singh A, Shaikh A, Singh R, Misra A. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 with or without diabetes: A systematic search and a narrative review with a special reference to India and other developing countries. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2020 May;14(3):241–6.

Lim S, Bae JH, Kwon HS, Nauck MA. COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: from pathophysiology to clinical management. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2021 Jan;17(1):11–30.

Caballero AE, Ceriello A, Misra A, Aschner P, McDonnell ME, Hassanein M, et al. COVID-19 in people living with diabetes: An international consensus. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications. 2020 Sep;34(9):107671.

Apicella M, Campopiano MC, Mantuano M, Mazoni L, Coppelli A, Del Prato S. COVID-19 in people with diabetes: understanding the reasons for worse outcomes. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. 2020 Sep;8(9):782–92.

Bedi AA, Vibhor A, Mohd. Tousib A. Current Treatment Trends in T2DM andImpact of COVID-19 among T2DM Patients: A Review. Human Journals. 2020 August 30;19(1):826–43.

Tiwari V, Kumar M, Tiwari A, Sahoo BM, Singh S, Kumar S, et al. Current trends in diagnosis and treatment strategies of COVID-19 infection. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2021 Dec;28(46):64987–5013.

Rao VUS, Arakeri G, Madikeri G, Shah A, Oeppen RS, Brennan PA. COVID-19 associated mucormycosis (CAM) in India: a formidable challenge. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2021 Nov;59(9):1095–8.

Cascella M, Rajnik M, Cuomo A, Dulebohn SC, Napoli RD. Features, Evaluation and Treatment Coronavirus (COVID-19),2021. :17.

Ghosh A, Anjana RM, Shanthi Rani CS, Jeba Rani S, Gupta R, Jha A, et al. Glycemic parameters in patients with new-onset diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic are more severe than in patients with new-onset diabetes before the pandemic: NOD COVID India Study. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2021 Jan;15(1):215–20.

Raveendran AV, Misra A. Post COVID-19 Syndrome (―Long COVID‖) and Diabetes: Challenges in Diagnosis and Management. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2021 Sep;15(5):102235.

Iacobellis G, Penaherrera CA, Bermudez LE, Bernal Mizrachi E. Admission hyperglycemia and radiological findings of SARS-CoV2 in patients with and without diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020;164:108185.

Zhang Y, Li H, Zhang J, et al. The clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with diabetes and secondary hyperglycaemia with coronavirus disease 2019: a single-centre, retrospective, observational study in Wuhan. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:1443–1454.

Meuller J.A, Groß R, Conzelmann C, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infects andreplicates in cells of the human endocrine and exocrine pancreas. Nat Metab 2021;3:149–165.

Coppelli A, Giannarelli R, Aragona M, et al.; Pisa COVID-19 Study Group. Hyperglycemia at hospital admission is associated with severity of the prognosis in patients hospitalized for COVID-19: the Pisa COVID-19 study. Diabetes Care 2020;43:2345–2348.

Reiterer M, Rajan M, Gomez-Banoy N, et al. hyperglycemia in acute COVID-19 is characterized by adipose tissue dysfunction and insulin resistance. medRxiv May 2021 [preprint]. DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.21.21254072.

Li J, Wang X, Chen J, Zuo X, Zhang H, Deng A. COVID-19 infection may cause ketosis and ketoacidosis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:1935–1941.

Ebekozien OA, Noor N, Gallagher MP, Alonso GT. Type 1 diabetes andcovid-19: preliminary findings from a multicenter surveillance study in theUS Diabetes Care 2020;43:e83–e85.

Unsworth R, Wallace S, Oliver NS, et al. New-onset type 1 diabetes in children during COVID-19: multicenter regional findings in the UK Diabetes Care 2020;43:e170–e171.

Armeni E, Aziz U, Qamar S, et al. Protracted ketonaemia in hyperglycaemic emergencies in COVID-19: a retrospective case series. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020;8:660–663.

Lawrence C, Seckold R, Smart C, et al. Increased paediatricpresentations of severe diabetic ketoacidosis in an Australian tertiary centre during the COVID-19 pandemic. Diabet Med 2021;38:e14417.

Tittel SR, Rosenbauer J, Kamrath C, et al.; DPV Initiative. Did the COVID- 19 lockdown affect the incidence of pediatric type 1 diabetes in Germany? Diabetes Care 2020;43:e172–e173.

Marchand L, Pecquet M, Luyton C. Type 1 diabetes onset triggered byCOVID-19. Acta Diabetol 2020;57:1265–1266.

Bode B, Garrett V, Messler J, et al. Glycemic characteristics and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the United States. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2020;14:813–821.

Petrie JR, Boyle JG, Ali K, Smith C, Morrison D, Kar P. A post COVID‐19 ‗Marshall Plan‘ for type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med [Internet]. 2021 Jan [cited 2022 October 12];38(1). Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dme.14439.

Manigandan S, Praveenkumar TR, Brindhadevi K. A review on role of nitrous oxide nanoparticles, potential vaccine targets, drug, health care and artificial intelligence to combat COVID-19. Appl Nanosci [Internet]. 2021 Jun 16 [cited 2022 Oct 12]; Available from: https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13204-021-01935-z.

Jamwal S, Gautam A, Elsworth J, Kumar M, Chawla R, Kumar P. An updated insight into the molecular pathogenesis, secondary complications and potential therapeutics of COVID-19 pandemic. Life Sciences. 2020 Sep;257:118105.

Kamal M, Abo Omirah M, Hussein A, Saeed H. Assessment and characterisation of post‐COVID‐19 manifestations. Int J Clin Pract [Internet]. 2021 Mar [cited 2022 October 12];75(3). Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ijcp.13746.

Rosenberg ES, Dufort EM, Udo T, Wilberschied LA, Kumar J, Tesoriero J, et al. Association of Treatment With Hydroxychloroquine or Azithromycin With In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With COVID-19 in New York State. JAMA. 2020 Jun 23;323(24):2493.

Khuroo MS. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19). Facts, fiction and the hype: a critical appraisal. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2020 Sep;56(3):106101.

Yasmin F, Najeeb H, Naeem A, Dapke K, Phadke R, Asghar MS, et al. COVID-19 Associated Mucormycosis: A Systematic Review from Diagnostic Challenges to Management. Diseases. 2021 Sep 22;9(4):65.

Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Sah R, Millan-Oñate J, Gonzalez A, Montenegro-Idrogo JJ, Scherger S, et al. COVID-19 associated mucormycosis: the urgent need to reconsider the indiscriminate use of immunosuppressive drugs. Therapeutic Advances in Infection. 2021 Jan;8:204993612110270.

Revannavar SM, P S S, Samaga L, V K V. COVID-19 triggering mucormycosis in a susceptible patient: a new phenomenon in the developing world? BMJ Case Rep. 2021 Apr;14(4):e241663.

Chandley P, Subba P, Rohatgi S. COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis: A Matter of Concern Amid the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. Vaccines. 2022 August 6;10(8):1266.

Janjua OS, Shaikh MS, Fareed MA, Qureshi SM, Khan MI, Hashem D, et al. Dental and Oral Manifestations of COVID-19 Related Mucormycosis: Diagnoses, Management Strategies and Outcomes. JoF. 2021 Dec 31;8(1):44.

Mave V, Gaikwad S, Barthwal M, Chandanwale A, Lokhande R, Kadam D, et al. Diabetes Mellitus and Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes in Pune, India. Open Forum Infectious Diseases. 2021 Apr 1;8(4):ofab097.

Sim SS, Yip MY, Wang Z, Tan ACS, Tan GSW, Cheung CMG, et al. Digital Technology for AMD Management in the Post-COVID-19 New Normal. Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology. 2021 Jan;10(1):39–48.

Shende P, Khanolkar B, Gaud RS. Drug repurposing: new strategies for addressing COVID-19 outbreak. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy. 2021 Jun 3;19(6):689– 706.

Rudramurthy SM, Hoenigl M, Meis JF, Cornely OA, Muthu V, Gangneux JP, et al. ECMM/ISHAM recommendations for clinical management of COVID‐19 associated mucormycosis in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Mycoses. 2021 Sep;64(9):1028–37.

Ghosal S, Sinha B, Majumder M, Misra A. Estimation of effects of nationwide lockdown for containing coronavirus infection on worsening of glycosylated haemoglobin and increase in diabetes-related complications: A simulation model using multivariate regression analysis. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2020 Jul;14(4):319–23.

Agarwal DSK, Salis DVE, Raja DKB, Karthikeyini DC, Gupta PS, Saravanan D. Experience of Treating Covid-19 with Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin: New Delhi, India. :11.

Chakaya J, Khan M, Ntoumi F, Aklillu E, Fatima R, Mwaba P, et al. Global Tuberculosis Report 2020 – Reflections on the Global TB burden, treatment and prevention efforts. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2021 Dec;113:S7–12.

Asdaq SMB, Rajan A, Damodaran A, Kamath SR, Nair KS, Zachariah SM, et al. Identifying Mucormycosis Severity in Indian COVID-19 Patients: A Nano-Based Diagnosis and the Necessity for Critical Therapeutic Intervention. Antibiotics. 2021 October 27;10(11):1308.

Unnikrishnan R, Misra A. Infections and diabetes: Risks and mitigation with reference to India. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2020 Nov;14(6):1889–94.

Loganathan S, Athalye SN, Joshi SR. Itolizumab, an anti-CD6 monoclonal antibody, as a potential treatment for COVID-19 complications. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy. 2020 September 1;20(9):1025–31.

Nanditha A, Raghavan A, Misra A, Saboo B, Singh AK, Joshi SR, et al. Management of Hyperglycemia in COVID-19 and Post- COVID-19 Syndrome - Proposed Guidelines for India. :9.

Giorgino F, Bhana S, Czupryniak L, Dagdelen S, Galstyan GR, Janež A, et al. management of patients with diabetes and obesity in the COVID-19 era: Experiences and learnings from South and East Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2021 Feb;172:108617.

Garg SK, Rodbard D, Hirsch IB, Forlenza GP. Managing New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Opportunities. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics. 2020 Jun 1;22(6):431–9.

Mohammad RA, Nguyen CT, Costello PG, Poyant JO, Yan Amy Yeung S, Landolf K, et al. Medication Changes and Diagnosis of New Chronic Illnesses in COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit Survivors. Ann Pharmacother. 2022 Sep;56(9):973–80.

Sarveswaran G, Rangamani S, Ghosh A, Bhansali A, Dharmalingam M, Unnikrishnan AG, et al. Management of diabetes mellitus through teleconsultation during COVID-19 and similar scenarios - Guidelines from Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) expert group. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2021 Sep;15(5):102242.

Evans M, Morgan AR, Bain SC, Davies S, Hicks D, Brown P, et al. Meeting the Challenge of Virtual Diabetes Care: A Consensus Viewpoint on the Positioning and Value of Oral Semaglutide in Routine Clinical Practice. Diabetes Ther. 2022 Feb;13(2):225–40.

Jindal D, Jindal V, Thakur A. Mucormycosis—A potential aftermath post COVID-19: A brief review. Int J Head Neck Pathol. 2020;3(2):15.

Mahalaxmi I, Jayaramayya K, Venkatesan D, Subramaniam MD, Renu K, Vijayakumar P, et al. Mucormycosis: An opportunistic pathogen during COVID-19. Environmental Research. 2021 Oct;201:111643.

Sun W, Shahrajabian MH, Cheng Q. Natural Dietary and Medicinal Plants with Anti- Obesity Therapeutics Activities for Treatment and Prevention of Obesity during Lock Down and in Post-COVID-19 Era. Applied Sciences. 2021 August 26;11(17):7889.

Bhagat S, Yadav N, Shah J, Dave H, Swaraj S, Tripathi S, et al. Novel corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic: current status and possible strategies for detection and treatment of the disease. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy. 2022 October 3;20(10):1275– 98.

Malhotra V, Basu S, Sharma N, Kumar S, Garg S, Dushyant K, et al. Outcomes among 10,314 hospitalized COVID‐19 patients at a tertiary care government hospital in Delhi, India. Journal of Medical Virology. 2021 Jul;93(7):4553–8.

Cohen SP, Baber ZB, Buvanendran A, McLean BC, Chen Y, Hooten WM, et al. Pain Management Best Practices from Multispecialty Organizations During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Public Health Crises. Pain Medicine. 2020 July 1;21(7):1331–46.

García-Lledó A, Gómez-Pavón J, González del Castillo J, Hernández-Sampelayo T, Martín-Delgado MC, Martín Sánchez FJ, et al. Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper. Rev Esp Quimioter. 2022 March 14;35(2):115–30.

Giorgi M, Cardarelli S, Ragusa F, Saliola M, Biagioni S, Poiana G, et al. Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors: Could They Be Beneficial for the Treatment of COVID- 19? IJMS. 2020 July 27;21(15):5338.

Iyengar KP, Jain VK, Vaish A, Vaishya R, Maini L, Lal H. Post COVID-19: Planning strategies to resume orthopaedic surgery –challenges and considerations. Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma. 2020 May;11:S291–5.

Sanyaolu A, Marinkovic A, Prakash S, Zhao A, Balendra V, Haider N, et al. Post- acute Sequelae in COVID-19 Survivors: an Overview. SN Compr Clin Med. 2022 Dec;4(1):91.

Jain M, Tyagi R, Tyagi R, Jain G. Post-COVID-19 Gastrointestinal Invasive Mucormycosis. Indian J Surg. 2022 Jun;84(3):545–7.

Uzunova G, Pallanti S, Hollander E. Presentation and management of anxiety in individuals with acute symptomatic or asymptomatic COVID-19 infection, and in the post-COVID-19 recovery phase. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice. 2021 Jun 1;25(2):115–31.

Singhai K, Swami MK, Nebhinani N, Rastogi A, Jude E. Psychological adaptive difficulties and their management during COVID-19 pandemic in people with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2020 Nov;14(6):1603–5.

Monika P, Chandraprabha MN. Risks of mucormycosis in the current Covid-19 pandemic: a clinical challenge in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Mol Biol Rep. 2022 Jun;49(6):4977–88.

Kumar P, Sah AK, Tripathi G, Kashyap A, Tripathi A, Rao R, et al. Role of ACE2 receptor and the landscape of treatment options from convalescent plasma therapy to the drug repurposing in COVID-19. Mol Cell Biochem. 2021 Feb;476(2):553–74.

Manchanda K, Singh J, Bhagat R, Tiwana IK, Singh H. Safety of pharmacological options for the management of COVID-19 in pregnant women: An Indian perspective. JRS. 2021 Jan 25;32(1):3–17.

Shin L, Bowling FL, Armstrong DG, Boulton AJM. Saving the Diabetic Foot During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Tale of Two Cities. Diabetes Care. 2020 August 1;43(8):1704– 9.

Nouhjah S, Jahanfar S, Shahbazian H. Temporary changes in clinical guidelines of gestational diabetes screening and management during COVID-19 outbreak: A narrative review. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2020 Sep;14(5):939–42.

Wadhawan S, Husain F, Agarwal M. The New Normal Anesthesiologist and the Challenging Post- COVID-19 Mucormycosis Patients − Our Experience. MAMC Journal of Medical Sciences. 2021;7(2):10.

Das SK. The Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Ind J Clin Biochem. 2020 Oct;35(4):385–96.

Samuel SM, Varghese E, Büsselberg D. Therapeutic Potential of Metformin in COVID- 19: Reasoning for Its Protective Role. Trends in Microbiology. 2021 Oct;29(10):894–

Weissberg-Benchell J, Wolpert H, Anderson BJ. Transitioning From Pediatric to Adult Care. Diabetes Care. 2007 Oct 1;30(10):2441–6.

Tripathy B, Sahoo N, Sahoo SK. Trends in diabetes care with special emphasis to medicinal plants: Advancement and treatment. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 2021 May;33:102014.

Most read articles by the same author(s)